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Migraines can be predicted by these two things, study shows

Migraines can be predicted by these two things, study shows

January 31, 2024

Wouldn’t it be helpful to have a sense of when a debilitating migraine may be on the way?

You may be able to do so, a new study has shown.

In a groundbreaking study published in the journal Neurology on Wednesday, researchers have identified key factors that may signal the onset of debilitating migraines, offering potential insights into preventive strategies.

Dr. Kathleen Merikangas, the principal investigator and chief of the genetic epidemiology research branch at the National Institute of Mental Health, highlighted the study's major finding, stating, "Changes in sleep quality and energy on the prior day were related to incident headache in the next day."

Migraines, known for their disabling effects, particularly among those under 50, have been identified as a leading cause of disability. The study, which tracked 477 individuals over a two-week period using electronic diaries, revealed sleep quality and energy levels as crucial indicators of an impending migraine attack.

Individuals experiencing poor sleep quality and low energy were found to be more prone to migraines the following morning, while an increase in energy and heightened stress often foreshadowed a migraine later in the day.

Dr. Stewart Tepper, vice president of the New England Institute for Neurology and Headache, praised the study for its thoroughness and size, emphasizing its potential impact on understanding the manifestation and prevention of migraine attacks.

Migraine prevention

Recognizing the signs of an impending migraine has gained significance, particularly as interest grows in preemptive treatment. Dr. Merikangas emphasized the importance of identifying environmental factors that can be modified to prevent attacks through behavioral interventions, potentially reducing reliance on medication.

However, Dr. Tepper expressed reservations about the efficacy of behavioral changes in preventing migraine attacks, advocating for early medication intervention to alleviate symptoms.

Addressing concerns about medication overuse, Dr. Tepper acknowledged that older medications like triptans carried a risk of chronic migraine with excessive use. On a positive note, he mentioned that newer options, such as rimegepant (sold as Nurtec), appear to lack this risk.

What you can do about migraines

In terms of managing migraines, Dr. Tepper advised individuals to be mindful of potential triggers and recommended monitoring sleep, exercise, diet, and stress levels. Recognizing five common indicators – sensitivity to light, fatigue, neck pain, sensitivity to noise, and dizziness – can also aid in early intervention.

Beyond medication, cognitive behavioral therapy and the use of vitamins and supplements like magnesium and riboflavin have been suggested as effective measures in reducing migraine frequency.

Dr. Kylie Petrarca, an education program director at the Association of Migraine Disorders, emphasized the importance of a holistic approach to health, encompassing not only pain management but also a comprehensive understanding of various health indicators.